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Irene Walker continued to work as a nanny to white children after emancipation. Her employer, the Judge family, purchased a grave marker for her when she died. However, it does not make mention of her family. Instead, it relates to the Judges'…

Irene Walker continued to work as a nanny to white children after emancipation. Her employer, the Judge family, purchased a grave marker for her when she died. However, it does not make mention of her family. Instead, it relates to the Judges'…

The Florida Flambeau took pictures of the demolition of the old Lincoln Academy in the summer of 1964. The newspaper noted that it had originally stood where FSU built the music building. This time instead of moving it again, FSU demolished it. At…

Group portrait at the Atlanta Life Insurance Company

The earliest description of the specific topography and social geography of Smoky Hollow comes from Bradford Torrey, an American ornithologist whose writings were meant to inspire early environmental tourism. He traveled to Florida in the early 1890s…

Prior to the creation of Apalachee Parkway and the creation of a number of state buildings, Smoky Hollow, an African American community, occupied that area.

The National Archives provided the following description: "During the era of Reconstruction, black Americans' political rights were affirmed by three constitutional amendments and numerous laws passed by Congress. Racial discrimination was attacked…

Established in the late 1870s, Concord was a one-room school house one mile south of Miccosukee on State Road 59. An open well supplied the water. It continued to serve as a school until the 1960s, growing in the number of buildings, students, and…

During Reconstruction in Florida, African American men could be found in leadership roles within law enforcement, city government, and local ministries. From 1868 to 1877, seven African American men served as county sheriffs. John Stokes served as…